The image did not come with the document that was sent to us. Sorry. The info below though is what is important.

Following are the results of an anemone survey conducted by Joyce Wilkerson, from a Usenet post by Rick Martin dated 9/14/96. Thanks to both Joyce and Rick.

HOST ANEMONES

Clownfishes and Anemones

The anemone and the clownfish relationship is probably THE most compelling relationship in aquarium keeping and almost every hobbyist desires, at one time or another, to observe the anemone/clownfish relationship. Here is where clownfishes sometimes win our minds as well as our hearts. The same hobbyist who carefully buys a hardy clownfish jumps right into buying a delicate anemone without first doing any serious research. It is a lethal (to the anemone) mistake made by nearly every new marine hobbyist. Before making an informed decision about buying an anemone, consider that anemones have natural life spans of SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS IN THE OCEAN. In captivity anemones too often survive for only a few months; although there are exceptions. If one really wants to make a clownfish happy, then one can simply skip the anemone and buy the clownfish a mate. Unfortunately, anemone husbandry is not yet well understood as is evidenced by the lack of detailed information available on their care. The general complete care information found is less detailed than what is provided when purchasing a damselfish. Little is further from the truth than the "old fish tale" that anemones are hardy. Clownfish hosting sea anemones too often die after 3-6 months for no apparent reason. Most hobbyists dismiss it as a personal learning experience without questioning those who misrepresented them as hardy animals. Anemones disable prey and discourage predation upon themselves by discharging nematocysts which paralyze prey. The high molecular weight of the venom from stoichodatylids (the largest family of host sea anemones) lends credence to speculation that clownfish hosting sea anemones are food specialists. Surveys of hobbyists have fueled this speculation as food preferences seem to vary by anemone species. Thanks to those of you who have participated in the anemone survey, I have made charts of which foods seem acceptable to which host anemones.

Anemone Species	Foods Accepted
Sticky Carpet (Cryptodendrum adhaesivum)	Shrimp, Fish, Liquid Invert Food, Smelts, Brine Shrimp, Bloodworms, Mosquito Larvae
Bubble-tip or Rose (Entacmaea quadricolor)	Squid, Shrimp, Clam, Brine, Scallops, Crab, Krill, Silversides, Formula 1(tm)
Sebae (Heteractis crispa)	Fish, Plankton, Shrimp, Brine Shrimp(adult live), Smelts, Bloodworms, Squid
Ritteri (Heteractis magnifica)	Shrimp, Crustaceans, Fish, Mollusks
Long Tentacle (Heteractis Malu)	Mosquito Larvae, Clam, Brine Shrimp, Feeder Goldfish, Prime(tm), Invert Food(tm), Silversides,Tankmates (corals and crustaceans)
Long Tentacle (Macrodactyla doreensis)	Shrimp, Silversides
Carpet (Stiochodactyla gigantea)	Shrimp, Squid, Silversides, Tankmates (fish)
Carpet (Stiochodactyla haddoni)	Whole Shrimp, Tuna, Cod, Perch,
Carpet (Stiochodactyla mertensii)	Fish

The survey from volunteers showed that 45% of anemones kept by hobbyists with less than 2 years of marine aquarium keeping experience were dead after an average of 3 months. Those hobbyists with 2-5 years experience were not a lot more successful with 30% of the anemones dying in an average of 7 months. Only 5% of those surveyed with 2-5 years experience had kept their anemone for two years or more. Even among hobbyists with more than 5 years experience, 36% of anemones kept were dead after an average of 8 months. One in 6 anemones in the survey reached the 24 months in captivity milestone. Only one out of every 13 anemones in the survey had been in captivity for 3 years or more. One in every 32 reached 5 years in captivity. But let me cease with the gloom and doom and highlight the very positive: 4.7% of the anemones in the survey were asexually "reproducing." They are Entacmaea quadricolor species. Historically it has been left to marine hobbyists to learn how to culture ornamental marine animals for scientists are not adequately funded to develop the process for us. My personal philosophy on host anemone keeping is that I don't keep them but if I thought that I was adequately prepared (with information, money, time, and energy) then I would consider putting my best efforts forward to try to determine how to propagate them in captivity. I'm not adequately knowledgeable yet (despite about 5 years of obsessing over the matter) to think I can do any better than the dismal statistics quoted above so I refrain from keeping them. Also it breaks my heart to think of some poor wild juvenile clownfish that will be eaten because its anemone died in my aquarium. Perhaps others are better prepared than I and can learn to propagate anemones in captivity. Hopefully, captive culturing of host anemones will become a hobbyist industry and allow hobbyists to own these beautiful animals YET leave wild clownfish's protecting homes in the wild where they are essential to clownfish survival. For those who want to take on a research project, I will share with you the circumstances of some anemones which are reproducing and the circumstances of the anemones in the survey which have been kept for more than 2 years.

Lighting:

The lighting issue is not so clear-cut as I would hope. I think two things muddy the issue. First, lighting preferences may not be the same for all the host anemones. Secondly, the parameter of watts per gallon is not an adequate measurement. More can be read of this in Dana Riddle's book "The Captive Reef". I will offer the raw data by genera and invite comment:

ANEMONES KEPT MORE THAN 2 YEARS &/OR REPRODUCING:

Heteractis
Tank size	Metal Halide	Fluorescent	Actinic
160-gal	2-175w MH	None	2-110w
75-gallon	1-175w MH	1-30w 50/50	1-30w
60-gallon	None	2-110w 50/50	2-110w
55-gallon	None	2-40w daylight	2-60w

Stiochodactyla
Tanks size	Metal Halide	Fluorescent	Actinic
120-gal	None	3-110w act wt	1-110w
100-gal	2-175w MH	None	2-40w
90-gallon	2-175w 5500K	None	None
70-gallon	None	3-40w daylight	3-40w
55-gallon	2-80w MERCURY VAPOR

Entacmaea
Tank size	Reproducing	Metal Halide	Fluorescent	Actinic
120-gal	No	None	3-110 act wt	1-110
110-gal	YES	None	None	4-40w
60-gal	No	None	1-110 50/50	None
20-gal	YES	None	3-15w 50/50	None

Specific Gravity:	Anemones need full strength sea water with a SG of 1.024-1.025. With the exception of Entacmaea quadricolor, it seems that they will not survive low SG.
Temperature:	74-83 degrees were reported for long-surviving anemones.
Current:	Most anemones kept for years are in moderate or vigorous current. Perhaps the current is needed to wash away their wastes and to bring them food. Having looked at anemone surveys for a couple of years now, I suspect that current may be an important variable.
Water changes:	The water change frequency varied from 10% monthly to 25% biweekly.

Until more is known, clownfish-hosting sea anemones should not be kept by casual aquarists. There are many corals -- including leather corals and mushroom anemones -- which are more easily kept than sea anemones. No hobbyist should opt to keep sea anemones because they think corals are too difficult; clownfish hosting sea anemones are even more difficult.

Identification Books:

Correct identification of species may require a little research. Dr. Gerald Allen's Dr. Daphne Fautin's _Field Guide for Anemonefishes and Their Host Sea Anemones_ is an excellent identification book.

References:

Dr. Ronald Shimek Robert Hix,

Sources of Additional Information:

Fautin, Daphne & Gerald Allen. 1992. Field Guide to Anemonefishes and their Host Sea Anemones ISBN 0 7309 5216 9. Shick, J. Malcolm. 1991. A Functional Biology of Sea Anemones. Chapman & Hall. ISBN 0 412 33150 0. Anemone Surveys Contributed by INTERNET users.

About the Author

Joyce Wilkerson is from Chester, VA and is a member of the Marine Aquarium Society of Virginia. Joyce rears clownfishes (without anemones) and has had articles published in Freshwater and Marine Aquarium magazine and in Aquarium Fish magazine as well as in club newsletters from Vancouver to Florida. She is section leader of the Breeding and Fry Care section and Director of Operations for Breeder's Registry (an organization of marine larval rearing and coral propagating hobbyists). Chapter's Publishing will be offering a book by Joyce titled "Clownfish" in 1997 which will include a chapter on anemones.